Conversely, vegetative cells form spores when exposed to air and nutrients in the environment are exhausted. Vegetative bacteria generally survive poorly outside of mammalian hosts. Spores germinate and form vegetative cells in environments rich in nutrients (eg, glucose, amino acids, nucleosides). On the basis of such testing, all known anthrax strains can be classified into three different clades (A, B, and C) ( Pilo 2011).
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Forms long chains of vegetative cells in vitro single cells or short chains of two to four cells in direct clinical samples.
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Endospore: oval, central-to-subterminal, does not usually swell cell wall (1.0 x 1.5 mcm) CO 2 levels within the body inhibit sporulation.Vegetative cell: large, gram-positive bacillus (1.0 to 1.5 mcm x 3.0 to 5.0 mcm) "jointed bamboo-rod" appearance.Key microbiological characteristics of Bacillus anthracis follow (ASM 2013):